2º ESO. UNIT 12. THE INNER ENERGY OF EARTH.
VOCABULARY
Study the following vocabulary: writing and pronunciation:
WORD | MEANING |
MAGMA | |
VOLCANO | |
LITOSPHERIC PLATE CONTINENTAL PLATE OCEANIC PLATE | |
OCEANIC RIDGE | |
SUBDUCTION ZONE | |
FAULT | |
HOT SPOT | |
LAVA | |
COLADA | |
VOLCANIC BOMB | |
CRATER | |
VOLCANIC CONE | |
CHIMNEY, VENT | |
MAGMATIC CHAMBER | |
EARTHQUAKE | |
FOCUS | |
EPICENTRE | |
SEISMOGRAPH | |
MAGNITUDE | |
SEAQUAKE | |
TSUNAMI | |
BURNING CLOUD | |
ASH, ASHES | |
PREDICTION, FORECAST | |
PREVENTION | |
SEISMIC RISKS | |
MAGAMTIC ROCKS | |
VOLCANIC ROCKS | |
TEXTURE | |
DEPOSIT | |
METAMORPHIC ROCKS | |
MARBLE | |
SLATE | |
SCHIST | |
GNEISS | |
MOUNTAIN RANGE RANGE | |
FOLD | |
FAULT | |
CRUST | |
QUESTIONS
- Read and write T for true and F for false:
a) The Earth´s centre is very cold.
b) The Earth´s crust is all one piece.
c) When a volcano erupts, gas comes out of the Earth.
d) Volcanoes are made from lava and rocks from inside the Earth.
e) Energy inside the Earth makes earthquakes.
f) The epicentre is where an earthquake begins.
- Complete the following chart with the information contents in the box:
Plates in the Earth´s crust bump into each other / Lava, rock and ash form mountains / Seismic waves come to the Earth´s surface / They are a manifestation of geothermal energy / Gas and ash come out of the Earth / Magma erupts out of the Earth. |
VOLCANOES | EARTHQUAKES | BOTH OF THEM |
1. | 4. | 6. |
2. | ||
5. | ||
3. | ||
- Write the words in the puzzle. Find the hidden word:
- Draw the sketch of a volcano.
- Complete the descriptions of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes:
CHAMBERS / PYROCLASTIC DEBRIS / SEISMIC WAVES / PLATES / EPICENTRE / MAGMA / FOCUS / VOLCANOES / VENT |
VOLCANIC ERUPTION Hot, melted rock called _____________ comes up close to the Earth´s surface. It forms magma____________. A volcanic eruption happens when the magma comes out of a _______________. Gas and _________________________________, including rock and ash, come out. The materials form the mountain we call _____________________. | EARTHQUAKES An earthquake happens when the _________________________ in the Earth´s crust bump into each other. _______________________ come to the Earth´s surface. The place the earthquake begins is called the ___________________________. The ___________________ is directly above this , on the Earth´s surface. |
- How much do you know about rocks?. Read and circle:
a) Rocks made from magma: 1) form under the Earth´s surface; ) form above the Earth´s surface; c) form under and above Earth´s surface.
b) Rocks which form above the surface and rocks which form below the surface: 1) look the same; 2) look different.
c) Rocks which form above the surface and rocks which form below the surface: 1) have the same texture; 2) have a different texture.
d) When a rock is formed, it: 1) can change; 2) can´t change.
- ANALIZE A TEXT AND A CHART:
At 3.30 of Thursday 1st of May of 2001 happened a earthquake of 6.4 degrees after Ritcher scale in the town of Bingol, at east of Turkey. The quake only lasts for 17 seconds but it causes over 150 dead man and over 500 injured people. As consequence of the earthquake, the buildings fallen down and the roads went damaged and the pipelines of gas and water too. The Primer Minister point out that it would be investigated the state of the buildings because the earthquake was clearly seen that a lot of buildings weren´t buildings to withstand earthquakes.
a) What kind of damages happened during the earthquake?
b) How could it been avoided a number so high of dead and injured people?
c) What is the earthquake of the biggest magnitude happened in Turkey in the twenty century?
d) Why two earthquakes of very similar magnitude can produce a number very different of victims? Can you check this circumstance in the chart?
e) Why occur so many earthquakes in Turkey. Search in a map the geographic and geological location of Turkey.
GREAT EARTHQUAKES IN TURKEY DURING THE XX CENTURY | |||
DATE | PLACE | MAGNITUDE | NUMBER OF DEAD VICTIMS |
1939 | ERZINCAN | 7.9 | 32968 |
1942 | ERBAA | 7.0 | 3000 |
1944 | GEREDE | 7.2 | 3959 |
1953 | YENICE | 7.2 | 265 |
1957 | FETHIYE | 7.1 | 67 |
1964 | MANYAS | 7.0 | 23 |
1966 | VANTO | 6.9 | 2396 |
1971 | BINGOL | 6.8 | 878 |
1976 | MURADIYE | 7.5 | 3840 |
1983 | ERZURUM | 6.9 | 1155 |
1992 | ERZINCAN | 6.8 | 653 |
1996 | CYPRUS | 6.8 | 2 |
1999 | IZMIT | 7.4 | 15.250 |
- Write the name of the three different plate boundaries below. Use a different colour for each one. Find examples of each type of plate boundary on the map and trace in the correct colour.
- Use your map above to discuss in which parts of the world:
a) The mayor mountain range are found.
b) Most earthquakes and volcanoes are found.
c) Why these patterns exists.
d) You could produce a summary of your findings explaining this tectonic activity.
- Label the diagram with the following words: crater / lava / main vent / volcanic cone / magma / side vent / gases.
- Look for information on the Internet and classify the following rocks ( à GNEISS, BASALT, GABBRO) in the table. Explain how each rock was formed and the characteristics that enable the identification.
PLUTONIC ROCK | VOLCANIC ROCK | METAMORPHIC ROCK |
- Write a story, as a cartoon, imagining you are a rock particle and describe your journey through the cycle and all the changes that happen to you at each stage.
- Listen and complete with the words in the box: